Arshine Lincomycin hydrochloride primarily acts on various anaerobic bacteria, commonly seen in veterinary practice for livestock and poultry, such as Clostridium perfringens and Actinomyces. In addition, it is effective against infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, including pneumonia, peritoneal infections, and airsacculitis. When combined with spectinomycin hydrochloride, it can effectively eliminate the pathogens responsible for these diseases.

For example, when chickens suffer from gastrointestinal disease accompanied by diarrhea, the causative agents can include Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobic bacteria, especially Gram-positive ones, are often the primary pathogens. Common medications like neomycin sulfate, colistin sulfate, spectinomycin sulfate, ampicillin sulfate, and enrofloxacin mainly target Gram-negative bacteria but are ineffective against anaerobic bacteria.

Currently, medications that are sensitive to anaerobic bacteria include nitroimidazoles (such as metronidazole, tinidazole, and dimetridazole), lincosamides (such as lincomycin), and broad-spectrum penicillins. Although other antibiotics exist, their anti-anaerobic strength is weaker and they are generally not used as first-line treatments against anaerobic infections. Antibiotics like florfenicol (an amphenicol), ceftiofur (a cephalosporin), and macrolides are less effective against anaerobes and are not the preferred options for controlling anaerobic infections.

Applications:

1. Treatment of airsacculitis and colibacillosis in chickens:

   • Lincomycin-spectinomycin soluble powder (injection) + acetaminophen injection + cephalosporin injection + interferon (injection).

2. Secondary enterotoxemia with coccidiosis:

   • 10% lincomycin soluble powder + dimetridazole soluble powder + compound sulfaquinoxaline solution / sulfachloropyridazine sodium soluble powder + colistin sulfate.

3. Oviductitis and enteritis in laying hens:

   • Lincomycin hydrochloride soluble powder + dimetridazole + neomycin sulfate soluble powder + ampicillin sulfate soluble powder.

Important Considerations for Lincomycin Use:

1. The combination of lincomycin and tiamulin reduces efficacy due to competition for binding sites.
2. Lincomycin and florfenicol have antagonistic effects due to competition for binding sites.
3. Lincomycin combined with cephalosporins may result in antagonism, but it can be used with cephalosporin sodium for treating mixed infections of anaerobic and aerobic or facultative bacteria.
4. Lincomycin should not be used in combination with complex vitamin B formulations due to incompatibility.
5. Lincomycin enhances the effect of theophylline, so the dosage of theophylline should be reduced when used together.
6. When combined with gentamicin, lincomycin enhances anti-streptococcal effects, leading to synergy, but it also increases gentamicin's nephrotoxicity.
7. Lincomycin combined with metronidazole or dimetridazole produces a synergistic effect, enhancing antibacterial action.