Streptomycin sulphate  has antibacterial effects on most gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, especially on various gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Pasteurella, Brucella, Pneumonia, Shigella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This product is the preferred drug for anti tuberculosis bacteria, with strong antibacterial effects at low concentrations and bactericidal effects at high concentrations. Due to only 10% being able to penetrate into somatic cells, it is ineffective against intracellular tuberculosis bacteria and can only kill extracellular tuberculosis bacteria. It has a stronger bactericidal effect on bacteria during the reproductive period than on bacteria during the resting period. Unlike penicillin, its bactericidal rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the drug. Its antibacterial effect is strongest at pH 7.8, and greatly weakened when pH drops below 6.
Agricultural streptomycin sulfate belongs to the class of antibiotic fungicides and has a preventive effect on bacterial diseases of various crops, as well as some fungal diseases.