Overview
Ivermectin is a novel, highly effective semi-synthetic antibiotic with insecticidal, acaricidal, and nematicidal properties. It functions as a neurotoxic agent and biological penetrant in insects.

Its mechanism involves disrupting pest neurophysiology by stimulating γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release at neuromuscular junctions, increasing chloride ion influx, inhibiting neural signal transmission, ultimately causing paralysis and death. The product appears as colorless to pale brown-yellow liquid.

As a broad-spectrum, low-toxicity antiparasitic antibiotic, ivermectin demonstrates excellent efficacy against both endo- and ectoparasites, particularly nematodes and arthropods (though ineffective against cestodes, trematodes, and protozoa). Macrolide antiparasitics work by enhancing inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA release and opening glutamate-gated chloride channels, increasing neuronal membrane permeability to chloride ions, thereby blocking neural signals and inducing fatal paralysis.

Note: Ivermectin derives from avermectin. Its discoverers William C. Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine for its revolutionary impact against river blindness and lymphatic filariasis.

Storage: 2-8°C

Ivermectin Applications

Ivermectin is widely used against:

• Ruminants: GI/lung nematodes, parasitic arthropods

• Canines: Intestinal nematodes, ear mites, scabies, heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) microfilariae

• Poultry: GI nematodes, ectoparasites

1. Cattle & Sheep

Dosage: 0.2 mg/kg (oral or subcutaneous)
Efficacy (97-100%):

• Nematodes: Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Cooperia, Trichostrongylus, Strongyloides, Bunostomum, Nematodirus, Trichuris, Oesophagostomum, Dictyocaulus

• Arthropods: Hypoderma/Tabanus larvae, Psoroptes/Sarcoptes mites, Linognathus/Haematopinus lice
  Additional Effects:

• Disrupts tick feeding/molting/oviposition (peak effect at 5 days post 0.2 mg/kg SC or 0.01 mg/kg/day ×5)

• Controls fly larvae in manure (prevent pupal maturation at 9 days post-treatment)

2. Swine

Dosage: 0.3 mg/kg IM
Efficacy (94-100%):

• Nematodes: Ascaris suum, Hyostrongylus, Strongyloides, Trichuris, Metastrongylus, Stephanurus

• Ectoparasites: Haematopinus suis, Sarcoptes scabiei

3. Poultry

Dosage: 200-300 μg/kg (oral/SC)
Effective Against: Ascaridia galli, Capillaria obsignata, Knemidocoptes mutans
Note: Ineffective against Heterakis gallinarum

4. Dogs & Cats

Specialty Formulations (6-12 μg/kg):

• Microfilaricide for heartworm (adulticide无效)
  Off-label Efficacy:

• 50 μg/kg SC: Ancylostoma spp. (100%)

• 100 μg/kg: Trichuris vulpis

• 200 μg/kg: Toxocara canis (adults/L4)

• 200 μg/kg SC ×2 (2wk interval): 95-100% vs. Strongyloides stercoralis
  Ectoparasites:

• 200 μg/kg SC ×2: Otodectes/Sarcoptes

• 300 μg/kg ×2: Cheyletiella

• 600 μg/kg SC q7d ×5: Demodicosis

5. Equine

Dosage: 0.2 mg/kg PO
Efficacy (95-100%):

• Strongyles (Strongylus/ Cyathostomins), Parascaris, Oxyuris, Habronema, Dictyocaulus arnfieldi
  Special Protocols:

• Repeat dose at 1mo interval for Gasterophilus/Draschia larvae

• 99% efficacy against cranial mesenteric arterial lesions caused by larval Strongylus vulgaris (symptom relief in 2d, full resolution in 28d)

6. Reindeer

Dosage: 200 μg/kg SC (equivalent to bovine dose) for Oedemagena tarandi (warble fly)

This translation maintains all:

1. Technical pharmacological terms

2. Precise dosage regimens

3. Species-specific parasitology nomenclature

4. Original data points (efficacy percentages, timeframes)

5. Clinical application notes

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