Apramycin Sulfate appears as a white or off-white crystalline powder, which is a raw material obtained through bio-fermentation and semi-synthesis. It is highly soluble in water, and its aqueous solution is acidic. Apramycin sulfate has excellent stability in drinking water, but it exhibits strong nephrotoxicity when used by injection. As an aminoglycoside antibiotic, it has bactericidal activity against various Gram-negative bacteria (such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pasteurella, Treponema hyodysenteriae, and Bordetella bronchiseptica), as well as against Staphylococcus and Mycoplasma.

Apramycin sulfate soluble powder is currently one of the few broad-spectrum oral aminoglycoside antibiotics that remain highly sensitive. Due to its unique structure of disaccharide linkage, apramycin does not have cross-resistance with other antibiotics in the same class. Moreover, its unique anti-inactivation mechanism gives apramycin strong resistance to bacterial resistance, and it rarely induces resistance in common Gram-negative bacteria.

The primary mechanism of apramycin sulfate involves acting on the complete process of bacterial protein synthesis (including synthesis and release), producing bactericidal effects at different stages of protein synthesis. Specifically, it induces the synthesis of abnormal proteins, leading to bactericidal effects; it also hinders the release of synthesized proteins, which kills bacteria. Additionally, it increases cell membrane permeability, causing leakage of vital intracellular substances, resulting in bacterial death. Its bactericidal characteristic is most effective against bacteria in the resting phase, ensuring complete and thorough killing.

Generally, the intact gastrointestinal tract absorbs very little orally ingested apramycin sulfate. However, in cases of gastrointestinal ulcers, mucosal shedding, or inflammation, significant absorption of apramycin sulfate may occur.

Combination Applications of Apramycin Sulfate

1. For treating mixed bacterial infections: Apramycin sulfate soluble powder is often combined with medications such as amoxicillin-colistin sulfate soluble powder, compound amoxicillin powder, amoxicillin soluble powder, ampicillin soluble powder, cefquinome sulfate injection, ceftiofur hydrochloride injection, florfenicol soluble powder, doxycycline hydrochloride soluble powder, etc.

2. For treating respiratory diseases caused by bacteria and mycoplasma: Apramycin sulfate soluble powder is typically combined with drugs such as ciprofloxacin hydrochloride soluble powder, enrofloxacin hydrochloride soluble powder, lincomycin hydrochloride soluble powder, doxycycline hydrochloride soluble powder, florfenicol soluble powder, tiamulin solution/soluble powder, etc.

3. For treating gastrointestinal diseases caused by bacteria and parasites: Apramycin sulfate soluble powder is used in combination with drugs like lincomycin hydrochloride soluble powder, decoquinate solution, amoxicillin-colistin sulfate soluble powder, amoxicillin soluble powder, diclazuril solution, toltrazuril solution, and traditional Chinese medicine for gastrointestinal diseases, achieving good therapeutic results.

4. For treating Escherichia coli in chickens and serositis in ducks: Apramycin sulfate is combined with highly water-soluble florfenicol soluble powder, colistin sulfate, and compound sulfamonomethoxine, showing good therapeutic effects.